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Goat Farming Basics: Breeds, Fencing, and Health

Livestock · October 2025 · 5 min read

Goats are versatile livestock that can produce meat, milk, or fiber while managing brushy pastures other species ignore. Success with goats starts with choosing the right breed for your goals and building fences that actually contain them. Good health management, especially parasite control, makes the difference between a profitable goat operation and a frustrating one.

Meat vs. Dairy Breeds

Boer goats are the dominant meat breed, known for fast growth, muscular build, and docile temperament. Crosses of Boer with Kiko or Spanish goats combine growth with hardiness and lower input requirements. For dairy production, Nubians produce rich, high-butterfat milk, while Saanens and Alpines yield higher volume.

• Boer – top meat breed, 200+ lb mature weight, excellent carcass quality
• Kiko – hardy, parasite-resistant, strong maternal instincts
• Nubian – dual-purpose dairy, long ears, high butterfat milk

Fencing That Works

Goats are notorious escape artists, and inadequate fencing is the leading cause of frustration for new goat owners. Fences must be at least 4 feet tall, with no gaps wider than 4 inches at the bottom. Woven wire with a strand of electric at the top is the most reliable permanent option.

Electric fencing works well once goats are trained to respect it, but their thick coats can insulate them from low-voltage shocks. Use an energizer that delivers at least 4,000 to 5,000 volts at the fence for reliable containment. Multi-wire high-tensile electric with 5 to 6 strands is a cost-effective alternative to woven wire.

Health and Parasite Control

Internal parasites, especially the barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus), are the primary health threat to goats. Use the FAMACHA scoring system to check eyelid color every 2 to 3 weeks during the grazing season. Only deworm animals that score a 3 or higher to slow resistance development.

Goats have unique mineral requirements, particularly a higher need for copper compared to sheep or cattle. Use a goat-specific loose mineral and consider copper boluses if deficiency symptoms appear. Vaccinate annually for clostridial diseases (CDT) and maintain a relationship with a veterinarian experienced in small ruminant medicine.